Nursing 197 Library Research Guide

• An Interview is considered a Personal Communication, according to APA. 

Because readers cannot retrieve the information in personal communications, personal communications are not included in the reference list; they are cited in the text  of the paper only.

• Give the initial(s) and surname of the communicator, and provide as exact a date as possible, using the following formats:

Narrative citation: E.-M. Paradis (personal communication, August 8, 2019)

Parenthetical citation: (T. Nguyen, personal communication, February 24, 2020)